What is Modern Art ?

Many people are shocked when they go to an art gallery and see a few paints splattered on a canvas given the same status as an "Old Master". The role of art in western culture has change over the years. Technical skill and realism, predominant since the 15th century, are now less relevant. Yet most people still regard such qualities as the hallmarks of good art.

Characteristics of Modern Art

1. It isn't lifelike: Even the most realistic work of art is just a visual illusion. Just consider what a strange thing it is to try to create the illusion of a three-dimensional scene by putting paint on a flat surface. Now that photos, film, T.V. and video can do the job so well, shouln't painting be concerned with a different sort of reality?
2. Anyone can do it: Many people judge a work of art by the apparent technical skill of the artist. They look for features such as "correct " perspective and subtle shading, which create the illusion of three dimensions. Many modern artists have felt that overemphasizing technique can stifle the imagination.
3. There are multiple interpretations: There is never just one interpretation of a work of art.Your own personal response is as valid as a critic's, specially if you look carefully and think about what you see.
4. Patterns are important: The rhythmic pattern across the picture surface can conjure up different emotions in the viewer, just as music evokes different moods in the listener.
5. Energy is visible: The boldness and density (or lack thereof) show the energy with which the artist has painted it.
6. It inspires: Some people think it inspires the viewer to look beyond the world or recognizble objects, to a more spiritual or imaginative plane.

Historical Origin of Modern Art

The invention of photography in the 1830s encouraged artists to attempt even greater realism in their paintings in effort to compete with it. But as the 19th century wore on, some artists began to question the need for art to refer to the outside world at all. This led to the development of abstract art.

A second factor was the decline of patronage - the system whereby the church, royalty and the artistocracy commisioned works of art. By the 19th century art dealers had begun to sell uncommissioned art to a wider public. This gave artists more freedom to paint what and how they liked.

Source for text:

Bohm-Duchen & Cook. "Understanding Modern Art."